G10.8 Honorific expressions


Examples
Listen to the examples
(1)

µ¿»ýÀÌ Ã¥À» Àоî¿ä.

ÇҸӴϲ²¼­ Ã¥À» ÀÐÀ¸¼¼¿ä.
(2) ¿ì¸® µ¿»ý ³ªÀÌ´Â 18 (¿­ ¿©´ü) »ìÀÌ¿¡¿ä.
¿ì¸® ÇÒ¸Ó´Ï ¿¬¼¼´Â 72 (ÀÏÈç µÑ) À̼¼¿ä.
(3) ¿ì¸® Áý °³´Â À۳⿡ Á×¾ú¾î¿ä.
¿ì¸® ÇҸӴϲ²¼­´Â À۳⿡ µ¹¾Æ°¡¼Ì¾î¿ä.
(4) µ¿»ýÀÌ ÀÐÀº ½Å¹®ÀÌ ¿©±â ÀÖ¾î¿ä.
ÇҸӴϲ²¼­ ÀÐÀ¸½Å ½Å¹®ÀÌ ¿©±â ÀÖ¾î¿ä.
(5) µ¿»ýÀÌ »÷µð¸¦ ºÃ¾î¿ä.
µ¿»ýÀÌ ÇҸӴϸ¦ ºÆ¾ú¾î¿ä.


Notes

Korean is an honorific language, whose patterns are highly systematic. Honorific forms appear in hierarchical address/reference terms and titles, some commonly used nouns and verbs, the pronoun system, particles, and verbal suffixes. Sentences in Korean can hardly be expressed without the speaker's knowledge of his or her social relationships to the listener and/or referent in terms of age, social status, and kinship. The following table is a summary of honorific forms.


Plain form

Honorific form

Humble form

Noun: age

name

birthday

word

house

meal

counter for people

³ªÀÌ

À̸§

»ýÀÏ

¸»

Áý

¹ä

»ç¶÷/¸í

¿¬¼¼

¼ºÇÔ

»ý½Å

¸»¾¸

´ì

ÁøÁö

ºÐ



¸»¾¸

Pronoun: he/she

I

my

±× »ç¶÷

³ª´Â/³»°¡

³»

±× ºÐ


Àú´Â/Á¦°¡

Á¦

Verb: see/meet a person

exist; stay

die

be well, fine

sleep

eat

give

speak

º¸´Ù/¸¸³ª´Ù

ÀÖ´Ù

Á×´Ù

Àß ÀÖ´Ù

ÀÚ´Ù

¸Ô´Ù

ÁÖ´Ù

¸»ÇÏ´Ù

º¸½Ã´Ù/¸¸³ª½Ã´Ù

°è½Ã´Ù

µ¹¾Æ°¡½Ã´Ù

¾È³çÇϽôÙ

ÁÖ¹«½Ã´Ù

Àâ¼ö½Ã´Ù/µå½Ã´Ù

ÁֽôÙ

¸»¾¸ÇϽôÙ

ºË´Ù




µå¸®´Ù

¸»¾¸µå¸®´Ù

Particle: Subject

Topic

Goal

ÀÌ/°¡

Àº/´Â

ÇÑÅ×/¿¡°Ô

²²¼­

²²¼­´Â

²²


Suffix: ´Ô 'Mr., Ms.'

±³¼ö

ºÎ¸ð

¼±»ý

±³¼ö´Ô

ºÎ¸ð´Ô

¼±»ý´Ô


Subject honorific forms: ²²¼­ and ~(À¸)½Ã

Recall that the subject honorific suffix ¡­(À¸)½Ã is used when the subject deserves the speaker's respect, such as a social or familial superior, or a distant or stranger equal (see Lesson 7).

The particle ²²¼­ is the honorific counterpart of the subject particle ÀÌ/°¡. While ¡­(À¸)½Ã has to be used when the subject is honored, ²²¼­ is not obligatory. It is used to show respect toward the subject of the sentence. In the following, imagine a situation that you are talking to your teacher about your younger sister and grandmother.

¿ì¸® µ¿»ýÀÌ Çб³¿¡ °¡¿ä. vs. ¿ì¸® ÇҸӴϲ²¼­ ±³È¸¿¡ °¡¼¼¿ä.

When talking about your grandmother, the subject honorific particle ²²¼­ together with the subject honorific suffix ¡­(À¸)½Ã are used to pay respect to her; this applies whether you are speaking to a social superior or not. When talking about your younger sibling to adults, the occurrence of ¡­(À¸)½Ã is not allowed. The presence of ¡­¾î¿ä/¾Æ¿ä or (À¸)¼¼¿ä shows respect (politeness) to the listener. Note further that ¡­(À¸)½Ã can be used for possessed items of respected people.

 

ÇÒ¸Ó´Ô²²¼­´Â ¿¬¼¼°¡ ¸¹À¸¼¼¿ä. 'My grandmother is old.'

±è±³¼ö´Ô²²¼­´Â Ã¥ÀÌ ¸¹À¸¼¼¿ä. 'Prof. Kim has many books.'

¿ì¸® ¾î¸Ó´Ï´Â ´«ÀÌ ¾ÆÁÖ Å©½Ê´Ï´Ù. 'My mother has big eyes.'