G10.8 Honorific expressions |
Examples
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Listen to the examples |
(1) |
µ¿»ýÀÌ Ã¥À» Àоî¿ä. |
ÇҸӴϲ²¼ Ã¥À» ÀÐÀ¸¼¼¿ä. | |
(2) | ¿ì¸® µ¿»ý ³ªÀÌ´Â 18 (¿ ¿©´ü) »ìÀÌ¿¡¿ä. |
¿ì¸® ÇÒ¸Ó´Ï ¿¬¼¼´Â 72 (ÀÏÈç µÑ) À̼¼¿ä. | |
(3) | ¿ì¸® Áý °³´Â À۳⿡ Á×¾ú¾î¿ä. |
¿ì¸® ÇҸӴϲ²¼´Â À۳⿡ µ¹¾Æ°¡¼Ì¾î¿ä. | |
(4) | µ¿»ýÀÌ ÀÐÀº ½Å¹®ÀÌ ¿©±â ÀÖ¾î¿ä. |
ÇҸӴϲ²¼ ÀÐÀ¸½Å ½Å¹®ÀÌ ¿©±â ÀÖ¾î¿ä. | |
(5) | µ¿»ýÀÌ »÷µð¸¦ ºÃ¾î¿ä. |
µ¿»ýÀÌ ÇҸӴϸ¦ ºÆ¾ú¾î¿ä. |
Notes
Korean is an honorific language,
whose patterns are highly systematic. Honorific forms appear in hierarchical
address/reference terms and titles, some commonly used nouns and verbs, the
pronoun system, particles, and verbal suffixes. Sentences in Korean can hardly
be expressed without the speaker's knowledge of his or her social relationships
to the listener and/or referent in terms of age, social status, and kinship.
The following table is a summary of honorific forms.
|
Plain form |
Honorific form |
Humble form |
Noun: age name birthday word house meal counter for people |
³ªÀÌ À̸§ »ýÀÏ ¸» Áý ¹ä »ç¶÷/¸í |
¿¬¼¼ ¼ºÇÔ »ý½Å ¸»¾¸ ´ì ÁøÁö ºÐ |
¸»¾¸ |
Pronoun: he/she I my |
±× »ç¶÷ ³ª´Â/³»°¡ ³» |
±× ºÐ |
Àú´Â/Á¦°¡ Á¦ |
Verb: see/meet a person exist; stay die be well, fine sleep eat give speak |
º¸´Ù/¸¸³ª´Ù ÀÖ´Ù Á×´Ù Àß ÀÖ´Ù ÀÚ´Ù ¸Ô´Ù ÁÖ´Ù ¸»ÇÏ´Ù |
º¸½Ã´Ù/¸¸³ª½Ã´Ù °è½Ã´Ù µ¹¾Æ°¡½Ã´Ù ¾È³çÇϽô٠ÁÖ¹«½Ã´Ù Àâ¼ö½Ã´Ù/µå½Ã´Ù Áֽô٠¸»¾¸ÇϽô٠|
ºË´Ù µå¸®´Ù ¸»¾¸µå¸®´Ù |
Particle: Subject Topic Goal |
ÀÌ/°¡ Àº/´Â ÇÑÅ×/¿¡°Ô |
²²¼ ²²¼´Â ²² |
|
Suffix: ´Ô 'Mr., Ms.' |
±³¼ö ºÎ¸ð ¼±»ý |
±³¼ö´Ô ºÎ¸ð´Ô ¼±»ý´Ô |
|
Subject honorific forms: ²²¼
and ~(À¸)½Ã
Recall that the subject honorific
suffix ¡(À¸)½Ã is used when the subject
deserves the speaker's respect, such as a social or familial superior, or a
distant or stranger equal (see Lesson 7).
The particle ²²¼ is the honorific counterpart of the subject particle ÀÌ/°¡. While ¡(À¸)½Ã has to be used when the subject is honored, ²²¼ is not obligatory. It is used to show respect toward the subject of the sentence. In the following, imagine a situation that you are talking to your teacher about your younger sister and grandmother.
¿ì¸® µ¿»ýÀÌ Çб³¿¡ °¡¿ä. vs. ¿ì¸® ÇҸӴϲ²¼ ±³È¸¿¡ °¡¼¼¿ä.
When talking about your grandmother,
the subject honorific particle ²²¼ together with the subject honorific
suffix ¡(À¸)½Ã are used to pay respect
to her; this applies whether you are speaking to a social superior or not. When
talking about your younger sibling to adults, the occurrence of
¡(À¸)½Ã is not allowed. The presence of ¡¾î¿ä/¾Æ¿ä
or (À¸)¼¼¿ä shows respect (politeness)
to the listener. Note further that ¡(À¸)½Ã can
be used for possessed items of respected people.
ÇÒ¸Ó´Ô²²¼´Â ¿¬¼¼°¡ ¸¹À¸¼¼¿ä. 'My grandmother is old.'
±è±³¼ö´Ô²²¼´Â Ã¥ÀÌ ¸¹À¸¼¼¿ä. 'Prof. Kim has many books.'
¿ì¸® ¾î¸Ó´Ï´Â ´«ÀÌ ¾ÆÁÖ Å©½Ê´Ï´Ù. 'My mother has big eyes.'