Chinese milknames:

1. Based on the year of one’s birth in relation to one of 12 symbolic animals: níu ‘cattle’, hû ‘tiger’, lóng ‘dragon’, gôu ‘dog’ are commonly used. (The rest: rat, boar, chicken, monkey, sheep, horse, snake, rabbit)
   
   
2. Endearing names: baby, precious, obedient, cute (for girls)
   
   
3. Prefixing xiao (小) ‘little’ or adding a diminutive suffix ér (兒) ‘son, child’ or sî (子) ‘son, child’
   
   
4. Prefixing ordinal numerals: dà (大), èr (二) to a common character shared by all the siblings according to the order of seniority: dàfû (大福) ‘the eldest-luck’, èrfû (二福), sanfû (三福)
   
   

Korean Affectionate names (愛稱):

• Clipping: Chan-Uk > Uk(i), Won-Sook > Sook(-i)
  
  
• Substituted with ordinal numbers: Chôs-ccae ‘first’, Tul-ccae ‘second’, Se-ccae ‘thrid’
  
  or Khûn ae ‘big child’, Cakûn ae ‘little child’, Maknae ‘the last’
  
  
• A different name at home from an official name: ippuni ‘the pretty one’ > cinsil‘truth’