1. Final consonant and sound image:

• Plosives: sudden cessation ir intermittence of action or tightness
  
  • ttokttok 'knocking'
    
  • chôlssôk 'with a slap'
    
  • kkwak 'tightly'
    
  • ttalkakttalkak 'rattling'
    
    
• Nasals: prolonged resonance, flexibility, roundness or openness
  
  • khungkhung 'banging, pounding',
  • mikkûnmikkûn 'sleekly, oily,
    
  • phingphing 'spinning round and round'
    
    
• Fricatives: softness, smallness, or gentleness
  pangkûs 'smiling'
  salmyôsi 'with repeated stealth, gently'
  
  
• Liquids: flowing of liquid or smoothness
  • posûlposûl 'in a drizzle',
    
  • mikkûlmikkûl 'slippery'
    
  • colcol 'trickling'
    
    

2. Consonant variation

2. Vowel variation: bright vowel vs. dark vowel

Bright vowel	Dark vowel	GLOSS
a	ô
panccak-panccak	pônccôk-pônccôk	glittering, twinkling
tatak-tatak	tôtôk-tôtôk	in clusters
kkangchung kkangchung	kkôngchung kkôngchung	hopping
hwal-hwal	hwôl-hwôl	In great flames
a	û
sal-sal	sûl-ûl	gently, lightly
ttakkûm-ttakkûm	ttûkkûm-ttûkkûm	stinging, tingling
a	u
challang-challang	chullông-chullông	splashing over
phatûk-phatûk	phutûk-phutûk	with a flop
a	i
cakûl-cakûl	cikûl-cikûl	sizzling
ppatûtûk	ppiûtûk	Grinding, creaking
yatûl-yatûl	itûl-itûl	Soft and delicate
ae	i
bang-bang	bing-bing	Spinning, twisting
o	u
kkolttak	kkulttôk	gulping
otok-otok	utuk-utuk	With crunchy sounds
sokon-sokon	sukûn-sukûn	In whispers

Organization of vowels

Bright Vowels	Dark Vowels
ㅏ[a],ㅐ[ae], ㅑ [ya], ㅒ[yae]	ㅓ[ô], ㅕ[yô], ㅔ[e], ㅖ [ye]
ㅗ [o], ㅛ [yo], ㅘ [wa], ㅙ [wae]	ㅜ[u], ㅠ [yu], ㅝ [wô], ㅞ [we]