E305/505 Korean Language and Culture

1. General greeting: 안녕하세요 (Annyông-ha-se-yo)?

• Grammatically a question, comparable to "How are you?"
  
• Semantically comparable to "How are you?", a question concerning the other person's well being.
• No answer is expected, but responded with '안녕하세요(Annyông-ha-se-yo)?'
  
• Communicatively comparable to "Hi!" or "Howdy!"
  
• Can be used to someone who does not share the same perceptual space to draw attention.
  
• All together, something like "Hello, hi, how are you?"
  
• May be used to ask the 3rd person's well-being; greeting substitute
  부모님도 안녕하세요? 'How are your parents?'

2. Take-leave expressions:

안녕히 가세요 (annyông-hi ka-se-yo)! Go in peace!
안녕히 계세요 (annyông-hi kye-se-yo)! Stay in peace!

안녕 (annyông)! 'Hi!' [Lit. Peace!]

Sensitive to territory: leaving party and staying party

3. Time-conscious expressions:

안녕히 주무셨어요 (Annyông-hi cumusy-ôss-ôyo)? 'Did you have a good sleep?'
안녕히 주무세요 (Annyông-hi cumuse-yo)! 'Sleep well!'

식사하셨어요 (siksa ha-si-ôss-ô-yo)? 'Have you eaten?'
아침 드셨어요 (achim tu-si-ôss-ô-yo)? 'Have you eaten breakfast?'

No comparable greetings to "Good morning!", "Good afternoon!", "Good evening!"

Form a paradigm

• General greeting with the expression "안녕 (annyôngi)"
  Initial greeting:
  • 안녕하세요 (Annyông-ha-se-yo)?
  • 안녕(annyông)!


• Take-leave greeting expressions:
  
  • 안녕히 가세요(annyông-hi ka-se-yo)!
    
  • 안녕히 계세요 (annyông-hi kye-se-yo)!
    
  • 안녕 (annyông)

안녕 (annyông)is comparable to ciao in Italian, and maybe aloha in Hawaiian

 

4. 어디 가세요 (ôti ka-se-yo)?

(i) Where are you going?
(ii) Are you going somewhere)?] Cf. Samoan

5. Context-specific: Cf. The Malo greeting in Samoan

Upon encounter:

수고하십니다 (sukoha-sip-ni-ta)! 'You are taking trouble doing it'

Departing at the end of task:

수고하셨습니다 (sukoha-si-ôss-sûp-ni-ta)! 'You have taken the trouble!'

수고하세요 (sukoha-se-yo)! 'Take the trouble!'

 

6. Season-specific:

새해 복 많이 받으세요.
sae-hae pok manhi pat-u^se -yo! 'Happy New year!'
new-year blessing much receive-HONOR-POL
[Lit. May many blessings be received in the new year!'

7. Situation-specific greetings:

어서 오세요 (ôsô o-se-yo). 'Come right in!'
즐겁게 보내십시오 (cûlkep-ke pona-si-p-si-o). 'Have fun!'

8. Expressions of gratitude:

고맙습니다 (Komap-sûp-ni-ta)! 'I am grateful!'

(감사합니다 kamsaha-p-ni-ta)! 'I thank you!'

9. Expressions of apology:

미안합니다 (mian-ha-p-ni-ta)! 'I am sorry!'
죄송합니다 (coesong-ha-p-ni-ta)! 'I feel guilty!'